Manufacture of glucose or grape-sugar



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Patented May 16, 1882.

l PIII 0 E. FOX. MANUPAGTURE Vo? GLUGOSE 0R GRAPE SUGAR.

(No Model.)

i UNITED STATES EDWARD FOX, OF NEW PATENTl OFFICE.

YORK, N. Y.,Ass1eNoE To ANDREW Anneleen-0E NEWARK, NEW JERSEY.

-MANUFAQTURE OF GLUCOSE OR GRAPE-SUGAR.

' SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 257,930, dated May 16, 1852,

Application filed March 27, 188:2. (No model.)

\ -To all whom it may concern:

Be it-known that I, EDWARDFGX, of the city and State ot' New York, have invented an Improvement in the Manufacture of Glucose 5 or Grape-Sugar, of which the following 1s a specification.

I make use of portions of the apparatus patented `to me, (No. 216,841 and i No. 243,769 and have added thereto the devices which u 1o required for putting into operation the pres improved method of making glucose and sugar.

In the drawings, Figure lis a ve tion ot' the apparatus employed 2 shows the separate wire casio` shut.

Into the vessel A the c rialis fed, either whole tion, and water is allo zov grain in the form o lently agitated b The starch vlth the water y 'le vessel for the eparated b v tiltraoperations. By this o starch is more thorn heretofore, and the bran to the filtering-bags, so as to ining starch-liquor out of the fot' the vessel A, I place a sethat extend out radially at a central shaft7 e, whichl passes itis provided with a handle, de, so that theA material that is or steam inlet b can be stirred becoming cloggedwheu it is rep y the vessel. .H

W-pipe c is connected at its lower tilterfpipe g, from which filteringare suspended, and there is a elow these bags tocatch the water that runs through them and con- -hel tank z'. The bran and gluten ained in the lters; and I remark this object iu view the seves or filrained, and can be discharged.

tom of the elbow of the dis-` ter-bags are to be mad rial with meshes inclosed in sh ble resistin the lteri object and lto be capaed. to allow the starch into 5 5 stase of malt. These mode of operation, being trequire further description.

y improvement in this parto the introduction of the starch 6o essel A, or a similar one, the same g llned with or made of materials that will t" be injured either by the acids or alkali ade use of, and while said starch is in said vessel I introduce acid for its conversion into 65 sugar in the form ot' spray by the pipe 7c, and

I agitate the material by introducing steam or heated air to bring the mass to the proper temperature, and then l introduce atmospheric air, the etect of which is to increase the ra- 7o pidity of action of the acid on the starch, and

at the same time to agitate the starch and insure uniformity in the operation, and I vfind that the oxygen ot' the air assists the acid in converting the starch into sugar. When by tests taken through the try-cock it appears that the conversion ot' the starch into glucose has reached the proper point any remaining traces of acid are neutralized by au alkalisuch as limeinjected with the air or in solu- 8o tion into the digestingvessel A. Such alkali may be in the form of a powder, a liquid, or a gas. At the same time the atmosphere, asintroduced, cools o' the materials in the d igester.

The surplus acids containing oils, &c., are to be drawn ott preferably by the overflow-pipe 4 .and cock before'appiyingthe alkali. The low temperature at-which this conversion and ncu- .tralization take place in consequence of the presence and agitation of the air prevents the 9o `material being burned or discolored. I remark that with my improved methods I am .uitalble mate- 5o the materials to be filtered have been placed, and these sometimes are connected to a supply-pipe. Generally these bags are subjected to pressure between a bed and follower in a press. This -consumes more time than is advantageous, because in the manufacture of glucose or grape-sugarthe materialissubject to injurious fermentation and change under atmospheric action. I therefore employ a range of filter-bags, of cloth or similar material, within perforated casings l,and I connecteach bag and casing removably to a supply-pipe, g.

I have represented the main supply-pipe g as provided with down ward branches and cocks m. The lterbags are ot cloth, with meshes adapted to thejmaterial operated upon, and the casings ltifare"of-f'pwire-work, or cords or rods surroundingLtliefIilter-bags, so as to sustain them und thai-:pressure to which they are subjecterlgf-and he 'gs 'and casings are clamped to thea-bran )ipe by 'the movable clamping-rings a,*asushV Beneath the ra'ngefoflt by means of which the filtra the vat i.

' I am `able to obtain a contniuo'u titte operation by my apparatus, because I'eniploy in the vessel A whatever pressure is regu. feu4 for forcing the material out of the said vessel. and through the lter-bags, and as soon as one -Y bag becomes filled with gelatinous material'v4 and the starch ceases to pass through such' lter the ow of liquid to that bag is shut-oft', the bag removed and another substituted, and the operation is proceeded with continuously', some bags beingvin-useas filters, while others are being removed, emptied, and replaced.

In the tank or vat t' there is a perforated pipe below but near the surface,and into this atmospheric air in a refrigerated condition is forced, and by escaping downwardly it cools the sirups or other material passing into the vessel. The air may circulate through a coil ot' pipes and cool the sirnp Without escaping into such sirup, and Scrapers shouldbe provided to remove the sugar that may crystallize on the surfaces of such pipes.

-After the starch has been transformed into glucose or grape-sugar the sirup is concenvA by the introduction of steam or air, or both,

by the pipes a and r, and when sufficiently concentrated cold air may be used to cool the sirups and aid in the crystallization. The tilter-bags h h h2 in this instance become the receptacles of thcsugar,and byforcingthc sirup through the material in the filter the sugar bccomes hardened and t i'or use. The sirup passes away by the trough, and is again treated until the crystallizable portion is extracted..

It is to lbe understood that the air employed to cool the sirup may be cooled in a vessel similar to that shown in my Patent No. 243,769, and in the manner therein described.

Any suitable apparatus can be employed in cooling or heat-ing the air made use of in the aforesaid operations, the same not forming part of this invention. i

By agit-ating the material by the air or steam blown into the same the flavor isimproved, because the essential oils are either evaporated or brought to the surface, and when cold air rendered more rapid and perfect.

Itis to be understood that the apparatus represented in the drawin-gscan be used irst for the separation of the starch, theuifor the sugar, then for cooling such material and crystallizing the same and separating the sirups; but usually there will be three sets of yapparatus-one for each of the operations-in order one operation, thereby avoiding the cleaning out of the apparatus between one operation and the next.

I am aware that starch has been separated starch into glucose has been effected by the action of acids; also, that the material has v nbee'n's',ubjected to neutralizing and evaporating time@intheinanufacture of su gar from wheat, olflltfgL?A.,'iByk my process I make use of air {foragltatimtthe mass of grain and water and separating, staren This enables. me to Vdesiredp Sn without any material change iu the tempettllilfthemass. `In the con- VGFSOHy Offf'th,Stilieliinltglucose I am able to regulate the tellpatu bythe conjoint action `ot' the airand steam* pressure and agitav at such ahi gh pressa injurious. In. the eva atmosphere carries oft' agitates the mass, so a I concentration at a low telnjer u filtration Iam enabled .to cbm the atmospheric air under presguei the material in the concentra' pressure, and pass the materiali n@ the lter without vthe useof any vessel. In allof these operations+" phere i under `pressure enables-Sme the action ot' theapparatus upo under treatment in respect to th agitation, and the steam allows y perature being regulatedto any d' I claim as my invention- 1. The method herein specified o ya starch fromgrains-such as corn. cms-i in agitating such material and w b actionof katmospheric air in a dig'estng n sel, then passingthedigestedmateria th filters to retain the gluten, substanti forth. 2. The method herein specifiedo ediate t wwf v'material S111 d 12o at starch or grain for its conversionA into igllo's Y is used upon the sirnps the crystallization is 7 5 conversion of the same into glucose or grape- 8o that onev apparatus may only be used for the 8 5 vfrom grain by the action of water and agita- 9o ation and pressure; also, that the conversion of #,Qhsratio'nvs, and has been filtered and concen- 95 PIOUCBVOlatagitation, and to. employ `any roo lirou gh r r 5 or grape-sugar, consisting in agitating the saine by currents of air under pressure and heating the salne to the proper temperature by steam in a converting-vessel in the presence of acid, neutralizing any surplus acid and removing-the same and any impurities, then Vconcentrating the sirup by the action of currents of air 'or steam, or both, forced through the liquid, and then crystallizing or granulatin g the material in filter-bags, through which the sirup is forced from the converter by the pressure of air in such converter, substantial] y as set forth.

' EDWARD FOX.

Witnesses:

GEO. T. PINGKNEY, HAROLD SERRELL. 

